Police State

Dog Bite Laws in California

In California the owner of any dog is liable for the damages suffered by any person who is bitten by the dog while in a public place, or lawfully in a private place. The owner of the dog is liable even if the dog bites on the owner’s property. It does not matter if the owner new the dog was vicious or not. A person is considered to be lawfully upon the private property when he is on the property in the performance of any duty imposed upon him by the laws of the State of California or by the laws or postal regulations of the United States, and also when the person on the private property on invitation from the property owner, the invitation could be expressed or implied.

Someone breaking into a private home and bitten by a dog would not have a cause of action. If your dog rushes out and bites someone knocking on your door and bites someone that is there for the purpose of converting you to their religion or to sell you a subscription to a nonexistent magazine, then they would have a cause of action, because of implied inviation. If you happen to have a fence that is locked or just closed and with a sign advising that no one is invited implied or expressly then you are unlikely to be liable, but exceptions to this rule also apply.

Under the California law if you are bitten where you have a right to be, you automatically win on liability, and it is only a matter of proving damages. If you are bitten after ignoring a sign that says noone no invitation is made to enter my property expressly or impliedly then a different standard applies. The standard is one of negligence, was the owner’s conduct reasonable. Training an attack dog to attack any human being upon entering the property is probably not reasonable. There is also the mail man exception, the mail man has to drop off the owner’s mail and if bitten would have a lawsuit against the dog owner, regardless of whether there is a sign or not.

The best way to avoid liability if you own a dog might be to put up a sign that says, one that says there is no implied invitation to this property, keep out, all others in consideration for entering this property you assume the risk of getting bitten by a dog. It would not eliminate the risk of liability for a dog biting a human being, especially if it is at night and there is no light on the sign, but otherwise if the sign can be read, it would help minimize or eliminate the liability.

If you happen to be the victim, it is unlikely that you had fair warning and that you were bitten while breaking into someone’s home. A dog bite or dog attack is a special kind of personal injury claim. It is a type of claim that is not evaluated by a computer. The type of damages that are pursued are often for pain, suffering, emotional distress, disfigurement, loss or earnings, reasonable and necessary medical expenses, and future medical treatment. If the dog attack while the victim was doing something illegal, it is unlikely that a lawsuit can be maintained.

A person cannot bring a lawsuit when a bite occurs if the dog is a military dog or police dog and the person bitten was annoying, harassing, or provoking the dog and the dog was defending itself. A person cannot bring a lawsuit against a military dog or police dog if the dog was assisting an employee of the agency in apprehension or holding of a suspect where the employee has reasonable suspicion of the suspect’s involvement in criminal activity. There is no real clear line as to what reasonable suspicion means. No lawsuits are permitted when the military or dog is assisting an employee of the agency in investigation of a crime or possible crime, in the execution of a warrant, and in the defense of a peace officer or another person.

If the person bitten by a military or police dog is not a party to, nor a participant in, nor suspected to be a party to or a participant in, the act or acts that prompted the use of the dog in the military or police work, is allowed to bring a lawsuit. It is not unusual for passerbys or bystanders to get bitten by a poorly trained dog.

For the police and military dog exception to apply the agency must also have adopted a written policy on the necessary and appropriate use of a dog for the type of work the dog is to do.

If a dog bites a human being, the owner of the dog is required to take steps to remove the danger of a bite from the same dog on another person.

If the dog has bitten twice, any person, the DA, or city attorney can bring an action in court t6 determine if the confinement and treatment of the dog is sufficient to keep it out of danger to other persons. The court has the power, after hearing, to order that remove the dog fro the are where it is confined, or to destroy it if necessary.

A different standard applies when the dog has been trained to fight. If the dog has been trained to fight only one bite is required for any person, the district attorney, or city attorney to bring an action in court to determine if the dog’s confinement is sufficient to keep the dog from biting another human being. The court after hearing, has the power to prevent the reoccurence of a bite, by removal of the dog from the area or destruction if necessary.

In California there are no free bites. If the dog bites a human being, there is liability for personal injury, unless there some sort of exception such as a police dog or military dog exception.

Arnold Hernandez
http://www.articlesbase.com/pets-articles/dog-bite-laws-in-california-101437.html

Police State 4-The Rise Of Fema Part 8

Tyranny is HERE! The grim future foretold in 1984 has become reality. The United States is now recognized globally as one of the most oppressive police states on earth. And it’s only getting worse.

POLICE STATE 4 chronicles the sickening depths to which our republic has fallen. Veteran documentary filmmaker Alex Jones conclusively proves the existence of a secret network of FEMA camps, now being expanded nationwide. The military industrial complex is transforming our once free nation into a giant prison camp. A cashless society control grid, constructed in the name of fighting terrorism, was actually built to enslave the American people. Body scanners, sound cannons, citizen spies, staged terror and cameras on every street corner — it’s only the beginning of the New World Order’s hellish plan.

This film exposes how the “Continuity of Government” program has established an all powerful shadow state. Prepare to enter the secretive world of emergency dictatorship, FEMA camps, and a shredded Constitution. Witness police and military savagely attacking innocent citizens as our own government unleashes false flag operations to justify its oppression. Then watch as Alex Jones takes on corrupt mercenary police and exposes mainstream media brainwashing.

THE POLICE STATE ISN’T COMING, IT’S HERE!

Duration : 0:11:0

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OUR WORST FEAR IS HERE! American Poetic Warning

The United States Government was established by our founding fathers to be a free democratic society, the constitution / bill of rights as the foundation. Federal reserve, 9 11 terror, new world order, swine flu pandemics are destroying our country.

Duration : 5 min 4 sec

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The Challenges of a Police Career

A police career is a challenging and sometimes dangerous choice. It is not just writing out tickets or making traffic stops. Police departments are part of the city and state governments. The main responsibility for police is to keep order.

Depending on the country, the names for police are different. When attending school for a police career, there are many courses that must be taken. Proper training is essential in order to survive. A police officer must maintain the law and order by enforcing the laws of society. Federal, State, and local official create and pass the laws that all must live by.

A police career also involves training sessions on the weapons range. A police trainee must pass the test on the shooting range, and a yearly test after being sworn in as an officer.

A police career may involve the officer walking the streets of his or her district, keeping the peace and arresting lawbreakers. A police officer responds to calls for help and aids those in need of medical attention.

They investigate crime, interrogate potential criminals, and are required to keep detailed notes that will assist in the prosecution of criminals that have been arrested. Keeping detailed reports are very time consuming and some feel is the worst part of their duties.

Choosing a police career involves hours of classroom time, role-playing different scenarios. A police officer must be able to respond to any type of crisis call whether on duty of off. A required course in a police career is psychology.

A police career will also train personnel in disaster situations. They will be taught what to do in case of natural disasters or terrorist attacks. They are taught protocol for every situation.

Police academies throughout the country have federal guidelines in which they have to teach students who choose a police career. This is done not only to have a uniform police force, but also when emergencies arise in different states, police be transported from other states to assist with local enforcement agencies.

The more mundane duties of a police career involve issuing traffic tickets and citations, or transporting an intoxicated person to the police station.

Not everyone will be accepted to a police career. There are a number of factors that are used to determine if the person is both mentally and physically capable of becoming a police officer. There are extensive psychological tests that are given, as well a physically endurance tests. Officials feel that if their officers are carrying weapons, they have to be completely in control.

It is also preferred that the candidate that chooses a police career have some kind of higher education. The course that is preferred is criminal justice.

Often, retired military will seek a police career. They have the discipline and training that is necessary for law enforcement. They are able to pass the rigorous physical fitness courses that police academies require. As police agencies are operated by a chain of command that is similar to the military, there is very little adjustment time. For those who have the proper qualifications, promotions come more quickly. Along with the increase in pay for these promotions, comes a lot of paperwork.

Retired military are always accepted, with the exception of having been discharged for psychological reasons. A police career is one of the few career choices that can carry weapons legally. Although the standard issue is a nine-millimeter handgun, officers may carry shotguns in the trunks of their cruisers for situations that require more than a handgun.

All of those who choose a police career start out in a very low position. They usually are assigned to a specific community and get to know the citizens and businesses. Only after a specific period of time will they be considered for promotion.

When choosing a police career, it must be taken into consideration that there can be dangerous situations. A police officer is often faced with situations that are unpredictable. A simple traffic stop can have a disastrous outcome. They never know just what will happen at any given time.

In past decades, the police have had to deal with unpredictable situations. If they were at the scene of an accident, they would assist and comfort the injured. Today, they are hesitant to even hold the hand of a victim for fear of contracting diseases.

When apprehending a criminal, they need to exercise extreme caution, not only so they do not violate the rights of the criminal, but also because of the dangers of communicable diseases.

The dangers that are associated with a police career can cause stress on the job. In the United States alone, over eighteen thousand officers have died in the line of duty. Some departments require that the street officers wear protective vests to protect them from being injured.

Some protocol of police departments requires that the officer seek help from the department psychologist. This can be helpful in determining if there is a problem with officer.

In today’s police career, an officer is allowed to search, seize and arrest a criminal. They are not allowed to search or seize without probable cause. If this occurs, the defense will argue that their rights have been violated. If this can be proven, then the criminal is set free. Special care is taken not to violate the rights of the accused.

With a police career, a police officer is allowed to interrogate a criminal, but cannot abuse or use excessive force in any way. Reading the arrest person their Miranda rights is also a part of the police career. Specific laws that even the police have to follow.

There are some officers that have gone their entire careers without having to draw their guns. Others draw them on a daily basis. It depends on the region. In small rural communities other then an occasional drunk and disorderly charge, there is very little crime. In large cities, it is rampant. More police officers are needed in a big large cities and towns.

Josh Stone
http://www.articlesbase.com/careers-articles/the-challenges-of-a-police-career-89837.html

In what ways are a city police and a state police similar and different?

A city police and a state police has a goal to serve the citizens of a state. In what ways are a city police and state police similar and in what ways are a city police and state police different?

Mostly it has to do with how they are funded and what their primary responsibilities are. City police are funded locally at the city level primarily and their job is to be on call and maintain order and enforce laws within a specific city area. Sheriff’s generally are county police officer’s funded at that level who mostly patrol outside of city’s, ie. on highways, in rural areas, and in towns without their own law enforcement. State Police–like the state highway patrols, are funded at the state level and are dispatched to take care of statewide tasks, and things like highway patrolling and law enforcement at special events and government functions. The groups often work in contact with each other depending on the nature of what’s needed, but it’s mostly just an issue of funding and general jurisdiction.

Visit New York City on St Patrick’s Day

Celebrated annually across the globe on March 17, St Patrick’s Day is one of the world’s most popular celebrations. Its significance originates in Ireland as a Catholic feast day which celebrates Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. However, in more recent times, St Patrick’s Day has taken on an altogether more global and secular significance, with St Patrick’s Day celebrations being held around the world in various forms.

In the United States, people traditionally celebrate St Patrick’s Day by wearing green garments, drinking alcohol that’s been dyed green or indulging in other Irish themed activities. Many American cities put on St Patrick’s Day parades, including Cleveland, Boston and Kansas City; however the largest St Patrick’s Day Parade in the United States – and the world – is held in New York City and is said to be watched by over two million people.

The first St Patrick’s Day Parade in New York City was held in 1766, when Irish soldiers marched through the city, and in 2006, more than 150,000 people marched in the St Patrick’s Day Parade. Among those participating in the event were bands, members of the fire department, social and cultural clubs in the city, emigrant societies and military and police groups. Furthermore, prominent New York politicians, and those planning to run for office frequently appear in the St Patrick’s Day Parade.

Organised by the Ancient Order of Hibernians, the St Patrick’s Day Parade has attracted more than a little controversy in its time. For instance, the Ancient Order of Hibernians has often opted to appoint controversial Irish Republican figures as its Grand Marshall; what’s more, the group recently banned gay and lesbian groups from participating in the parade. As a result of this, alternative St Patrick’s Day parades, such as The Queens parade, have been organised by opposing groups; the Queens parade, for instance, is open to all groups who wish to march on St Patrick’s Day.

But whatever parade you choose to go and see, New York City is truly the place to be on St Patrick’s Day. With green bagels, green flowers, green hats and clothes a frequent sight on the day of the St Patrick’s Day Parade, New Yorkers tend to frequent local Irish pubs and drink Irish beers and liquors in celebration of the festival, which now takes on both religious and secular significance. And with plenty of affordable hotels in New York City to choose from, you won’t be stuck for accommodation in the city if you choose to visit on St Patrick’s Day. After all, how could you possibly resist the unique opportunity to eat a green New York bagel and drink a glass of dyed-green Guinness while basking in the emerald glow of the Empire State Building?

Andrew Regan is a freelance online journalist.

Andrew Regan
http://www.articlesbase.com/travel-articles/visit-new-york-city-on-st-patricks-day-107268.html