Basically put … the PSYOPS guys just try to get into the heads of the enemy. Whether its leaflets that are telling the enemy to give up and we won’t hurt them, or it could be the PYSOPS guys blaring speakers saying "You guys are a bunch of pussies, come out and find us like real men" … which yes, we actually had PSYOPS guys do with us.

The Civil Affairs guys … they pretty much talk to the local populous, and as said, try and win the hearts and minds of them. They’ll talk to them and figure out why their area isn’t doing so well, what can be improved, how the sanitation, schools, water system, etc., is .. and pretty much they’re just trying to get them on our side.

Neither is really all that cool, but they hype it up to be. My squad leader actually just re-classed to CA just a few months ago.
References :
active duty Army Airborne Infantry, OIF Veteran and had both attached to my unit while in Iraq.

38A- -Civll Affairs Specialist
The civil affairs specialist supervises, researches, coordinates, conducts, and participates in analysis, planning, and production of civil affairs related documents and actions encompassing both strategic and tactical civil affairs operations for Army, joint, and combined military commands.
E-1 to E-4 will be the be the ones who trains and maintains proficiency in all major duties. Assists in routine coordination, conducts research, analysis and production of civil affairs related products and actions supporting functional specialty missions.
http://usmilitary.about.com/od/enlistedjobs/a/38a.htm

I have worked with both MOSs and know several Soldiers who do the job (I had one of my Soldiers reclass into 37F while we were in the 82nd ABN). They are important jobs due to their nature of work. Truly winning ‘hearts and minds’ vs. kinetic fighting. Someone has to approach civilians on the battlefield and let them know we are trying to help and tell the enemy to surrender. If we had more of these Soldiers, things will and can be easier in all of places. Most of the CA folks are older and have the same civilian trade they bring to the table. Most jobs fall under the SOCOM community and normally, PSYOPS especially, means jump status as a means of employment to get you to the area of need.

Here is more info for your research or questions:

CA
http://www.bragg.army.mil/ca/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/95th_Civil_Affairs_Brigade_(United_States)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Affairs

http://www.civilaffairsassoc.org/

PSYOPS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_Operations_(United_States)

http://www.globalspecialoperations.com/capoc.html

http://www.military.com/ContentFiles/techtv_update_PSYOPS.htm

References :
US ArmySFC, airborne vet of Iraq and Afghanistan

When I was in Honduras the Civil Affairs Personnel that were there mainly just passed out things to the locals (food, water, toys for the kids) as well as coordinated with the local village leaders to get information about what was needed.

I would contact a recruiter or go to military.com and search for more info there. i dont think they are the same mos but i could be wrong psych ops is 37F and civi aff is 38B.

37F PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS SPECIALIST
CIVIL AFFAIRS (RC)
38B CIVIL AFFAIRS SPECIALIST (RC)

References :
googled Army MOS’s